IMPORTANT PESONALITIES

Abul Fazal : Abul Fazal was the oldest of

Akbar’s 'Nine Jewels'. He as the brother of Faizi.

He was a profound scholar of his time and

rose to Akbar’s Prime Minister. He wrote Ain-i-Akbari.

Abraham Lincoln : He was the son of a woodcutter,

rose to be the 16th President of the United States who

wanted to abolish slavery and on account of this there

was a civil war between the southern and northern

States of America. He won the civil war and abolished
slavery.






Abdul Kalam A.P.J. : Dr. Aavul Pakkiri Jainulabidin

Abdul Kalam was born in 1931 at Rameswaram in

Ramanathapuram, Tamilnadu. He was familiarly known

as the "Missile Man of India". He became the eleventh

President of India on July 25, 2002. He was awarded

Bharat Ratna in 1998. He wrote books like "Wings of

Fire"' "India 2020", and "Ignited Mind".


Adolf Hitler : Adolf Hitler is a German Dictator who

was born in Austria. He led the Nazi party and became

German Chancellor in the year 1933. He ordered the

invasion of Austria and Czechoslovakia. His invasion

of Poland in 1939 started the Second World War. He

committed suicide in Berlin in 1945. He was the author

of Mein Kampf. He is also called “Fuehrer”.

Ahalyabai : Born in 1735 and daughter of Manakoji

Shinde of Chante, Ahalyabai did her elementary

education and married Khanduji, the son of Malharrao

Holkar in 1744. Her husband was killed in siege of

Khanduji in 1754. Malharrao appointed her for the

administration of his territories. Her son Malerao

succeeded after the death of Holkar but actual reigns

of office were in the hands of Ahalyabai. She

administered the territory astutely and renovated many

temples. She died on August 13, 1795.

Akbar : Akbar succeeded his father Humayun at the

age of 14. Bairam Khan, a distinguished General,

became his regent. Bairam Khan defeated Hemu at the

Second Battle of Panipat (1556) and secured the throne

of Akbar. He followed a policy of conciliation with the

Rajputs and the Hindus.

He constructed “Ibadat Khana”, or the House of

Worship at Fatehpur Sikri. With the help of Abul Fazal,

Akbar founded a religion called the Din-i-Ilahi or the

Divine Faith. He built the beautiful city of Fatehpur

Sikri in red sandstone near Agra. He abolished the

hated Jazia and pilgrim tax and allowed full religious

freedom to all his subjects. He is therefore called a

National Monarch. The Mansabdari System was the

main essence of his Government. Akbar’s tomb is at

Sikandra near Agra. Historians say that it was Akbar

the real founder of the Mughal Empire in India.



Albert Einstein : A world famous scientist of German

Swiss origin who settled down in the U.S.A. after he

was driven out by the Nazis from Germany in 1933. He

is the author of the Theory of Relativity.



Alexander, the Great : Alexander, son of Philip, King

of Macedonia, North of Greece. He was one of the
greatest conquerors of the world. He was born

in 356 B. C. The famous philosopher, Aristotle was

his tutor, Alexander made his object to conquer

the world. In 326 B. C. he invaded India.

He was the first European invader on the Indian

soil. In the Battle with Porus, Alexander was

victorious. Alexander lost his famous horse,

Bucephalecus in the Battle. His army felt homesick and

insisted to return. Alexander died in 323 B.C. in

Babylonia. The result of Alexander invasion promoted

the political unification of India.

Alfonso Albuquerque : Alfonso Albuquerque

considered to be the ablest Portuguese Viceroy in

India. His policy was to destroy the Muslim traders

and to establish a Portuguese Empire in the East. He

conquered Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur and made it

his Capital.

He founded many Portuguese settlements all

along the West Coast of India e.g. Diu, Daman,

Bassein, Bombay, etc. He was the founder of the

Portuguese Empire in the East. The Portuguese power

lasted a century and a half and then it began to decline.

Goa, Daman and Diu have been taken over by the

Indian Government.


Alan Octavian Hume (A.O.Hume) : A retired English

civilian founded the Indian National Congress in 1885

with the help of educated Indians and a few Englishmen.

In the beginning, it was an association to discuss

matters concerning the welfare of the Indians.

Gradually it became a political body in opposition to

the British Government.